ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE TERRITORIES WITH THE MINING INDUSTRY, AND ACTIVE REMEDIATION OF TOXIC SOILS

Abstract

Rehabilitation of territories contaminated with salts of heavy metals, very toxic, is an urgent fundamental and, at the same time, the most important applied environmental task. A special role is played by the physical and mechanical properties of soils- bases of objects of such pollution. The article deals with the use of grass mixtures for rehabilitation or recultivation of the respective territories. In this regard, it should be noted that this problem, in particular, in soil phytoremediation is currently insufficiently studied. The authors proposed some variants of the use of plant species, which are characterized by the ability to grow on contaminated land and, at the same time, accumulate pollutants above-ground biomass. In the case of heavy metal contamination of soils, the authors propose to use annual plants with large biomass in the first year of reclamation, capable of removing up to 50% of pollutants from the biological cycle. Studying plants on toxic soils, determined their accumulating capacity and used them as phytomeliorants. In several experiments, indicator plants were used: amaranth, clover, alfalfa, vyazel, stevia, ambrosia, winter ginger mixed with an annual clover species and others, which, when accumulating maximum biomass, were plowed into the soil in a mixture with zeolite-containing clays of local importance. The results of the experiments showed that with the help of indicator plants it is possible not only to improve soil fertility, but also to significantly reduce the amount of heavy metals, petroleum products, radionuclides, residual effects of chemical means of weed control, diseases and pests. Of great importance in reducing the toxicity of soils were organic waste of agricultural production: corn stalks, sunflower baskets, waste alcohol production-post-alcohol bard, as well as leaf litter, embedded in the soil with biological products. The results of the experiments showed a significant reduction of toxicants in the soil when using organic waste and plowing plants as a green fertilizer in a mixture with zeolite-containing clays and biopreparations.