Complex Environmental Monitoring in Russia and India

Abstract

Complex environmental monitoring is one of the main aspects of risk management concept. Natural hazards are potentially damaging physical events and phenomena, which may cause the loss of life, injury or human life disruption, property damage, social, economic, and political disruption, or environmental degradation. Systematic approach to the natural hazards research on the base of risk concept is a very fruitful and progressive method. Areas of possible disaster events could be the places of the highest risk at the natural risk maps of the territories. It is necessary to use big data bases and data banks and GIS technologies for such maps constructions. Sometimes people have to live in such dangerous places. It is necessary for people leaving under natural risk to understand and estimate this risk and to know how to overcome it and how to act in case of crises events. Earthquakes, volcano eruptions, tsunamis, curst, suffusion, coast erosion, and landslides belong to geological hazards. The development of modern socio-economic system provides for the establishment and operation of such grand and environmentally hazardous facilities like pipelines, nuclear power plants, chemical industry, etc. Most ecologically dangerous objects or grandiose constructions are in seismic areas and tectonically active zone, in which there may be strong earthquakes, as well as landslides and mudflows. During operation it is necessary to ensure the safety of both the expensive facilities and safety of the environment.Under these conditions, the timely detection of dangerous earthquakes and giving alarms and automatic shutdown of environmentally hazardous facilities is a paramount task.Risk management concept is a good instrument for systematic approach to the problems of the rational land use. Monitoring systems elaboration and construction is designed to provide natural and man-made risk management and reduction for providing of sustainable development of environment and society.