The system of continuous monitoring of parameters of cracks in a mountain range on the basis of resistive sensors
Abstract
Relevance. Large collapses of rocky slopes play a key role not only in the transformation of landscapes in the long term, but also pose a threat to human settlements and the infrastructure of human economic activity. The mechanisms of collapse processes are studied by many geologists and geophysicists in the world, using various methods for this, both remote sensing and sensors installed directly at the site under study. A particularly important point in the research of potentially collapsing massifs is the study of physical processes related to the mechanism of cracks formation in rocks, deformations, and abnormal slopes occurring before the collapse. Various monitoring methods are used for this purpose, for example, seismometric, deformation, tilt, etc. The aim of the research is to create a monitoring system that allows monitoring the condition of unstable mountain ranges through high-precision continuous monitoring of changes in the width of cracks. Methodology. A special feature of the development is the complete automation of measurements using a personal computer and GSM communication modem. To measure the change in crack size, a resistive sensor is used, coupled with a 16-bit analog-to-digital converter of the LA-50USB brand and a PC, the program of which averages the data for each hour and automatically sends a 24-hour data table to the recipient by e-mail once a day. The measurement accuracy of the linear sensor is ±10 microns. The results of synchronous measurements of the crack width on an unstable rock mass by dial and resistive displacement sensors show a coincidence of the general trend towards its expansion of 2000 microns. By the method of continuous recording with an electronic sensor, a recording of a short-term abnormal change in the crack width, having a stepped shape with an amplitude of 500 microns, was obtained. The nature of this anomaly is unknown. On another massif with vertical cracks, the presence of a diurnal course and crack width associated with thermal stresses in the rock massif caused by solar radiation and atmospheric temperature has been established. During the period of heating of the rock mass surface by solar radiation, from 10 h to 13 h, there is a sharp increase in the crack width.
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