Remote monitoring of forest areas (using the example of the reference site “Roshni-Chu”)
Abstract
Relevance. This article is devoted to our own results of obtaining and processing data from multispectral, lidar and aerial photogrammetric ultra-high resolution surveys. The article presents the results of assessing the forest stand (height and volume of tree crowns), the state of the vegetation cover during the periods of the beginning and decline of the growing season, and the terrain based on the materials of the specified surveys using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) Geoscan 401. The use of UAVs for forest monitoring today is one of the most relevant and rapidly developing areas for monitoring the state of forest cover. Aim. The purpose of the study was to obtain a high-quality orthophotoplan, digital elevation model (DEM), vegetation maps (NDVI), as well as cartograms of maximum and average heights and volumes of tree crowns, which later will be used to solve the problem of estimating greenhouse gas flows. Methods. An AGM MS 1.2 laser scanner, a Geoscan Pollux high-performance digital multispectral camera and a Sony camera were used as payloads for the UAV. Filming was carried out this year at the Roshni-Chu site of the Carbon Polygon of the Chechen Republic. The studied area is covered mainly by deciduous forests, has an area of about 243 hectares and belongs to the transitional type from low-mountain landscapes of the mountain forest zone to the mountain-valley forest-meadow-shrub subtype. A distinctive feature of the vegetation cover is wild species of fruit trees and shrubs. Multispectral photography was carried out from a height of 229 meters, lidar photography - from a height of 120 meters. The high-quality source materials obtained during the filming process were processed in the Agisoft Metashape and LiDAR 360 programs, a brief description of which is also given in this article. Results. The final result is presented in the form of an orthophotomap and DEM, maps of the NDVI vegetation index, cartograms of tree heights and the volume of their crowns. Analysis of NDVI maps constructed at the beginning and end of the growing season showed that vegetation indices in the studied area are in the range of values typical for healthy deciduous trees.
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