Microelements in the waters of operating mines in the Eastern Donbass
Abstract
The article is devoted to identifying the distribution and causes of microelements accumulation in the waters of operating coal mines in the Eastern Donbass. Relevance. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to reduce the harmful effects of the chemical composition of mine waters on natural waters and the overall environmental situation in the region. Aim. Improving the scientific basis for predicting the chemical composition of coal mine waters. Research methods. Data on the chemical composition of mine waters in the Eastern Donbass and the conditions of its formation were studied using well-known general scientific methods. Research results. Mine waters in the region differ from groundwater and surface waters by their increased content of a number of macro- and microcomponents of chemical composition. The distribution of trace element concentrations is highly differentiated within the region. The distribution of 17 microelements (Ag, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Sr, Be, F, Mo, V, Bi, Ba, Mn, Zn, Ti, Cu, Cr) in the region as a whole and its geological and industrial areas was revealed. Mo, Sr, Cd, and Mn are widely distributed in relatively high concentrations. Statistical relationships between the content of Sr, Zn, Mn and macrocomponents of water composition, their relationships with the content of total sulfur in coals, and the correlation of the contents of Sr, Zn, Mn were revealed. The nature and degree of correlation indicate the formation of macrocomponents and microelements of the composition within the framework of a single macroprocess – leaching and dissolution of water-bearing rocks. The source of microelements is the substance of coal seams and their wall rocks, in particular, Sr is a carbonate material, Mn is a material of paleo-demolition areas surrounding Donbass, Zn is associated with post-Carboniferous polymetallic mineralization. The trigger for the microelements accumulation is the oxidation of sulfides, primarily pyrite, as a factor in launching a series of parallel and a chain of sequential physicochemical reactions. During these processes, individual chemical components enter the water and accumulate, as well as leave the water. The difference in the microelement composition of the waters is explained by the diversity of predominantly mineralogical factors: the presence of sulphides and carbonates, the content of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon gases in the mountain range.
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