Numerical study of the idealized mountain gorges atmosphere
Abstract
Relevance. In mountainous areas there are tailings ponds that contain “tailings” – waste from mining plants, from where the tailings enter the atmosphere of mountain gorges in the form of fine dust. Multifactorial air flows and complex patterns of pollutant distribution in mountain gorges determine the need to study each specific gorge separately. The study of mountain gorges of an idealized shape is convenient to use for a detailed analysis of atmospheric flows in practically important applied problems of monitoring aerodynamics and the propagation of pollutants in real gorges. Methods. Using mathematical modeling, three-dimensional isothermal atmospheric flows in a mountain gorge with an idealized geometric shape in the form of a rectangular cavern oriented from south to north are considered. The aim is to study the influence of the width to height ratio of a mountain gorge and compare the results of model calculations with the model of the Alagirsky mountain gorge, North Ossetia-Alania, Russian Federation. Results. It is shown that when the width to height ratio is greater than three, the mountain gorge belongs to the comparable “wide” gorge. Analysis of the aerodynamic properties of the Alagir mountain gorge allows us to conclude that at the location of the Unal tailings dump this gorge corresponds to wide gorges. This conclusion can be drawn from the correspondence of the wind roses of these gorges and from the approximate correspondence of unsteady flow regimes depending on the direction of the external wind. Wind roses, profiles of wind speed, frequencies and amplitudes of unsteady oscillations, the distribution of dust concentration from the pollutant source as a marker of flow regimes are shown for idealized gorges of different widths. Knowledge of the air flows in idealized mountain gorges allows us to conduct a more in-depth analysis of aerodynamic regimes and the basic properties of pollutant dispersion in real mountain gorges and make realistic forecasts based on idealized models.
References
Барри Р.Г. Погода и климат в горах. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1984. – 311 с.
Гурбанов А.Г., Лескин А.Б., Газеев В.М., Гурбанова О.А., Лолаев А.Б., Оганесян А.Х., Дзебоев С.О. Оценка масштабов и степени негативного воздействия Фиагдонского хвостохранилища на экосистему. // Вестник Владикавказского научного центра. – 2020. – Т. 20. No 2. – 2020. – С. 54–62. DOI: 10.46698/d5387-0147-5683-x.
Гурбанов А.Г., Лексин А.Б., Газеев В.М., Гурбанова О.А., Лолаев А. Б., Оганесян А.Х., Дзебоев С.О. Закономерности в характере распределения содержаний макро- и микроэлементов в поверхностном слое (0.6 м) Фиагдонского хвостохранилища. // Вестник Владикавказского научного центра. – 2019. – Т. 19. No 4. – С. 51–59. DOI: 10.23671/VNC.2019.4.43324.
Каменецкий Е.С., Радионов А.А., Тимченко В.Ю., Панаэтова О.С., Свердлик Г.И. Математическое моделирование распределения пыли по склонам горного ущелья от хвостохранилища, расположенного в Алагирском ущелье. // Горный информационно-аналитический бюллетень. – 2020. – NoNo 11-1. – С. 118–134. DOI: 10.25018/0236-1493-2020-111-0-118-134.
Каменецкий Е.С., Радионов А.А., Тимченко В.Ю., Панаэтова О.С. Математическое моделирование распределения химических веществ и твердой фазы хвостов, осаждающихся на горных склонах в районе Фиагдонского хвостохранилища РСО-Алания. // Устойчивое развитие горных территорий. – 2022. – Т. 14. No 3. – С. 349–361. DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2022-14-3-349-361.
Лолаев А.Б., Бадтиев Б.П., Бутюгин В.В., Бадоев А.С. Определение консолидационных характеристик хвостов намывных техногенных месторождений. // Устойчивое развитие горных территорий. – 2017а. − Т. 9. No 4. − С. 355–361.
Лолаев А.Б., Гурбанов А.Г., Дзебоев С.О., Илаев В.Э. Загрязнение прилегающих территорий в районе деятельности Садонского свинцово-цинкового комбината (Республика Северная Осетия-Алания). // Вестник Владикавказского научного центра. – 2017б. − Т. 6. No 2. − С. 177–180.
Шелковников М. С. Мезометеорологические процессы в горных районах и их влияние на полеты воздушных судов. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1985. − 208 с.
Chow F.K., De Wekker S.F.J., Snyder B.J. Mountain Weather Research and Forecasting. Dordrecht. Springer. 2013. 750 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4098-3.
Cuxart J., Cunillera J., Jimenez M.A., Martínez D., Molinos F., Palau J.L. Study of mesobeta basin flows by remote sensing. // Boundary-Layer Meteorology. – 2011. – Vol. 143. – pp. 143–158. DOI: 10.1007/s10546-011-9655-8.
Gillies J.A. Fundamentals of aeolian sediment transport: dust emissions and transport – near surface. Environmental Science, Geology. – 2013. − Vol. 11. Issue 4. − pp. 43–63. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00297-9.
Gohm A., Harnisch F., Vergeiner J., Obleitner F., Schnitzhofer R., Hansel A., et al. Air pollution transport in an alpine valley: results from airborne and ground-based observations. // Boundary-Layer Meteorology. – 2009. – Vol. 131. – pp. 441–463. DOI: 10.1007/s10546-009-9371-9.
Hargreaves D.M., Wright N.G. On the use of the k-Epsilon model in commercial CFD software to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer. // Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodymanics. – 2007. – Vol. 95. Issue 5. – pp. 355–269.
Issa R.I. Solution of the implicitly discretised fluid flow equations by operator-splitting. // Journal of Computational Physics. – 1986. – Vol. 62. Issue 1. – pp. 40–65. DOI: 10.1016/0021-9991(86)90099-9.
Kok J.F., Mahowald N.M., Fratini G., Gillies J.A., Ishizuka M., Leys J.F., Mikami M., Park M.-S., Park S.-U., Van Pelt R.S., Zobeck T.M. An improved dust emission model – Part 1: Model description and comparison against measurements. // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. – 2014. – Vol. 14. Issue 23. – pp. 13023–13041. DOI: 10.5194/acp-14-13023-2014.
Lang M.N., Gohm A., Wagner J.S. The impact of embedded valleys on daytime pollution transport over a mountain range. // Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Discussions. – 2015. – Vol. 15. – pp. 14315–14356. DOI: 10.5194/acpd-15-14315-2015.
Lehner M., Whiteman C.D. Physical mechanisms of the thermally driven cross-basin circulation. // Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. – 2014. – Vol. 140. Issue 680. – pp. 895–907. DOI: 10.1002/qj.2195.
Lehner M., Rotunno R., Whiteman C.D. Flow Regimes over a Basin Induced by Upstream Katabatic Flows-An Idealized Modeling Study. // Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. – 2016. – Vol. 73. pp. 3821–3842. DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-16-0114.1.
Lehner M., Whiteman C.D., Dorninger M. Inversion Build-Up and Cold-Air Outflow in a Small Alpine Sinkhole. // Boundary-Layer Meteorology. – 2017. – Vol. 163. – pp. 497–522.
Leukauf D., Gohm A., Rotach M.W., Wagner J.S. The impact of the temperature inversion breakup on the exchange of heat and mass in an idealized valley: sensitivity to the radiative forcing. // Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. – 2015. – Vol. 54. – pp. 2199–2216. DOI: 10.1175/jamc-d-15-0091.1.
Leukauf D., Gohm A., Rotach M. Towards generalizing the impact of surface heating, stratification and terrain geometry on the daytime heat export from an idealized valley. // Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. – 2017. – Vol. 56. Issue 10. – pp. 2711–2727. DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-16-0378.1.
Lindkvist L., Gustavsson T., Bogren J. A frost assessment method for mountainous areas. // Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. – 2000. – Vol. 102. – pp. 51–67.
Mahrt L. Variation of surface air temperature in complex terrain. // Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. – 2006. – Vol. 45. – pp. 1481–1493.
Matzinger N., Andretta M., van Gorsel E., Vogt R., Ohmura A., Rotach M.W. Surface radiation budget in an Alpine valley. // Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. – 2003. – Vol. 129. – pp. 877–895. DOI: 10.1256/qj.02.44.
Rotach M.W., Andretta M., Calanca P., Weigel A.P., Weiss A. Boundary layer characteristics and turbulent exchange mechanisms in highly complex terrain. // Acta Geophysicae. – 2008. – Vol. 56. – pp. 194–219. DOI: 10.2478/s11600-007-0043-1.
Serafin S., Zardi D. Daytime heat transfer processes related to slope flows and turbulent convection in an idealized mountain valley. // Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. – 2010. – Vol. 67. – pp. 3739–3756. DOI: 10.1175/2010JAS3428.1.
Sharples J.J. An overview of mountain meteorological effects relevant to fire behaviour and bushfire risk. // International Journal of Wildland Fire. – 2009. – Vol. 18. – pp. 737–754.
Teixeira M.A.C., Kirshbaum D.J., Olafsson H., Sheridan P.F., Stiperski, I., et al. The atmosphere over mountainous regions. Switzerland: Frontiers Media SA, 2016. – 162 p.
Wagner J.S., Gohm A., Rotach M.W. The impact of valley geometry on daytime thermally driven flows and vertical transport processes. // Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. – 2015а. – Vol. 141. Issue 690. – pp. 1780–1794. DOI: 10.1002/qj.2481.
Wagner J.S., Gohm A., Rotach M.W. Influence of along-valley terrain heterogeneity on exchange processes over idealized valleys. // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. – 2015б. – Vol. 15. Issue 12. – pp. 6589–6603.
Whiteman C.D. Breakup of temperature inversions in deep mountain valleys. Part I: observations. // Journal of Applied Meteorology. – 1982. – Vol. 21. – pp. 270–289.32. Whiteman C.D. Mountain Meteorology: Fundamentals and Applications. NY: Oxford University Press, 2000. – 376 p.
English
Русский
