Геология и Геофизика Юга РоссииГеология и Геофизика Юга России2221-3198Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Федеральный научный центр "Владикавказский научный центр Российской академии наук"138010.46698/VNC.2026.14.82.001ГеофизикаРоль гидрологии в мониторинге склонов холмов и снижении риска оползнейЧелламутуС.Н.seismogans@yahoo.comЗаалишвилиВ.Б.ГанапатиП.Г.Центр по смягчению последствий и управлению стихийными бедствиями, Технологический институт Веллора (VIT), Индия, 632 014, Веллор, Тамил НадуГеофизический институт Владикавказского научного центра РАН, Россия, 362002, г. Владикавказ, ул. Маркова, 93а3003202618092Copyright (c) 2026 Геология и геофизика Юга России2026Геология и геофизика Юга России<p><strong>Актуальность работы. </strong>Оползни представляют собой серьезную геогидрологическую опасность, а подземные процессы, вызванные осадками, играют решающую роль в дестабилизации склонов. <strong>Цель работы </strong>– выявить состояние при изучении различных особенностей оползней. Несмотря на значительные успехи в исследовании оползней, интеграция гидрологии склонов с системами мониторинга и раннего предупреждения остается фрагментарной. В обзоре обобщены последние достижения в области исследования оползней с акцентом на гидрологические механизмы их возникновения и их включение в системы раннего предупреждения об оползнях (LEWS). <strong>Методы. </strong>Был проведен структурированный обзор рецензируемых исследований, опубликованных в период с 2012 по 2022 годы, с использованием базы данных Scopus, дополненный тематической классификацией экспериментальных, численных и полевых исследований. <strong>Результаты. </strong>Анализ выявил, что инфильтрация осадков, изменение давления поровой воды, снижение матричного всасывания и колебания уровня грунтовых вод являются доминирующими гидрологическими факторами, определяющими реакцию склонов. При этом многочисленные исследования сосредоточены на неглубоких оползнях в ненасыщенных условиях, и сравнительно мало внимания уделялось глубоким процессам и взаимодействию грунтовых вод с коренными породами. Далее рассматриваются архитектуры LEWS, основанные на датчиках и моделях, с акцентом на преобладание подходов, основанных на пороговых значениях осадков, и растущую роль гидромеханических и машинных моделей обучения. Установлена необходимость интеграции подземного гидрологического мониторинга с геотехнической характеристикой для повышения надежности прогнозирования и эксплуатационной устойчивости LEWS в регионах, подверженных оползням.</p>landslideslope processeshillslope monitoringearly warning systemrainfall-induced landslidesоползеньпроцессы на склонахмониторинг склоновсистема раннего предупрежденияоползнивызванные осадками1.Andersson-Skold Y., Bergman R., Johansson M., Persson E., Nyberg L. Landslide risk management – A brief overview and example from Sweden of current situation and climate change. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2013. Vol. 3. No. 1. pp. 44–61. 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